Switzerland population cap vote explained
A photo shows a poster depicting U.S. President Donald Trump, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping and reading “Breaking with Europe now of all times? NO on the SVP-Chaos-Initiative” in Thayngen, northern Switzerland, on June 1, 2026.
Sebastien Bozon | Afp | Getty Images
Switzerland, a wealthy country that has historically embraced free movement and foreign investment, is about to vote on whether to cap its population — and restrict immigration measures to do so.
Sunday’s referendum comes after the country’s population increased 10% in the 10 years up to the end of 2025, when it stood at just over 9.1 million. For the first time, the country had more people over 65 than under 20. Net migration and the birth rate fell last year.
Relatively low taxation has helped make Switzerland home to global conglomerates like consumer goods giant Nestle, pharmaceutical heavyweight Novartis and other multinational firms in finance, luxury goods and tech. It has one of the world’s highest concentrations of billionaires and a much stronger GDP per capita rate than many other developed economies.
At the end of 2024, 41% of the population had a “migration background,” a term applied to immigrants and their Swiss-born children, per official data, which also shows 32.5% of the country’s permanent residents are first-generation immigrants. An estimated 1.4 million EU citizens live in Switzerland, comprising around 16% of the country’s population. Another 340,000 EU citizens cross the border daily to work there.
A recent poll found that 52% of respondents would reject the population cap, while 45% were in favor.
How would the population cap work?
But if voters back the population curb proposal, the country’s Federal Council and parliament will have to roll out measures to curb population growth until 2050.
Immigration systems would be tightened if the population exceeded 9.5 million at any point over the next 24 years, with asylum and family reunification programs first in line to face cuts. Switzerland’s freedom of movement initiative with the European Union would also potentially end, should the population rise above the 10-million threshold.
Switzerland is part of the border-free Schengen travel zone, along with many large EU economies. The bloc and the country also have an agreement to allow free movement of each other’s citizens, allowing them to live and work in each other’s territories, provided they have a job or another source of income.
Switzerland’s right-wing SVP party is urging voters to “send a clear signal” to policymakers to curb what it calls “overwhelming” population growth.
In a statement last week, the SVP said that voting for the population cap would still allow 40,000 people to move to Switzerland each year, but lawmaker Piero Marchesi said population growth had caused problems for public services, wages, the price of rent, education and the labor market.
Companies headquartered in Switzerland have argued that putting…
Read More: Switzerland population cap vote explained