Qatar deal to buy U.S. natural gas shows how Iran war redrawn market

Before the Iran war, Qatar was one of the biggest natural gas exporters in the world. After only eight months, the Gulf state is now buying supplies from its principal competitor — the United States.

QatarEnergy struck a deal Thursday with U.S. exporter Cheniere Energy to buy 4 million metric tons of liquefied natural gas, or LNG, annually through 2054. The purchase price is indexed to the U.S. Henry Hub price plus a fixed fee. Deliveries are expected to begin in the 2030s.

“We look forward to reliably supplying QatarEnergy from both Sabine Pass and Corpus Christi into the second half of this century,” Cheniere CEO Jack Fusco said in a statement.

The gas that Doha will buy is less than 1% of the global LNG trade of more than 400 million metric tons. But “in terms of an individual deal, this is about as big as you see in the U.S,” said Alex Munton, director of global gas and LNG at Rapidan Energy in Houston.

The deal signals how the Iran war is reshaping global energy markets to the benefit of U.S. companies, cementing the dominance of American LNG exporters. Shares of Cheniere and Venture Global, the other independent U.S. player, have gained 26% and 40%, respectively, since the start of the war.

Qatar knocked out

Qatar was second only to the U.S. in LNG exports before the war. But shipments have since collapsed in the eight months since Iran bombed its key production facility at Ras Laffan. The attack badly damaged two production lines, taking out about 17% of Qatar’s LNG export capacity.

It will take about three years to repair the damage at Ras Laffan, Qatar’s energy minister, Saad Sherida Al-Kaabi, has said. The Persian Gulf state has declared force majeure — citing unexpected, uncontrollable events preventing contracts from being honored — every month since the March attack.

“It did give us a big blow, if you will, for our production capability for the next few years,” Al-Kaabi said in an interview on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in September. Qatar is exporting “very little” LNG right now because “we can’t export through the Hormuz Strait,” he said.

“Very sparingly, some ships are crossing the straits but a very small amount, it’s not something that would even be measurable in a percentage point,” the energy minister said.

Freedom of navigation

And it is far from clear what security conditions in Hormuz will look like when the repairs are done at Ras Laffan. The decades-long contract with Cheniere indicates that Qatar sees a risk that freedom of navigation will never return to Hormuz as Iran keeps attacking tankers, Munton said.

It is harder to find ways to get around Hormuz in the case of LNG because it is fundamentally a waterborne product, the analyst said.

“It’s liquefied so it can be put on a ship and that requires access to seaborne routes,” Munton said. “They’ve got to access the Strait of Hormuz. There’s no other way of getting LNG to market. They’re just stuck.”

With its production badly damaged and…