What is the January Effect? (Updated 2024)
With the end of 2024 quickly approaching, active investors may be looking to position ahead of 2025.
In January, market watchers are often keen to talk about the January effect, which is the idea that stock markets often rally in the first month of the year. However, it has become less consistent as the years go by, and some consider it a myth at this point.
Find out more about the January effect below, and learn what strategies you can use if you do decide to position ahead of a potential January stock rally.
What is the January effect?
The January effect is a theory based on a pattern that analysts have seen year after year: stocks seem to fare better during January than they do during other months of the year. Generally, small-cap companies are affected the most by the January effect, as large stocks are typically less volatile.
The first report of the January effect came in 1942 from Sidney Wachtel, an investment banker from Washington, DC.
Since then, experts have debated possible causes for this phenomenon. Many believe the January effect is triggered by tax-loss selling in the month of December. Tax-loss selling, or tax-loss harvesting as it is sometimes called, is an investment strategy in which individual investors sell stocks at a loss in order to reduce capital gains earned on investments. Because capital losses are tax deductible, they can be used to offset capital gains to reduce an investor’s tax liability on their tax return.
As an example of tax-loss selling for tax savings, imagine if an investor bought 1,000 shares of a company for US$53 each. They could sell the shares and take a loss of US$3,000 in the event that the shares declined in value to US$50 each. The US$3,000 loss from the sale could then be used to offset gains elsewhere in the investor’s portfolio during that tax year.
For more information about the strategy, plus the deadlines, check out our guide to tax-loss selling.
It’s worth noting that tax-loss selling or tax-loss harvesting is a trading strategy that generally involves investments with huge losses, and, because of this, these sales generally focus on a relatively small number of securities within the public markets. However, if a large number of sellers were to execute a sell order in tandem, the price of the security would fall.
Central to the January effect idea is that once selling season has come to a close, shares that have become largely oversold have an opportunity to bounce back. For example, investors who have sold losing stocks before the end of the year may be driven to repurchase those stocks, although they would have to wait for 30 days to pass, as required by the superficial loss rule.
Regardless of whether you’re buying or selling, Steve DiGregorio, portfolio manager at Canoe Financial, recommends that you act swiftly and aggressively during this time of year as “liquidity will dry up.” He has earmarked the second and third…
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